Isolation and Society in Bartleby, the Scrivener Essay

Isolation and Society in Bartleby, the Scrivener nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Herman Melvilles Bartleby is a tale of isolation and alienation. In his story, society is primarily to blame for the creation and demise of Bartleby. nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Throughout the story, the characters -- Bartleby in particular -- are isolated from each other or from society. The foresters office, which can be interpreted as a microcosm of society, was teeming with walls to separate the head ranger from his employees and to separate the employees from one another. There was one large crushed-glass wall which separated the lawyer from his sycophants (although he was still able to see their shadows†¦show more content†¦For instance, when the Ranger decides to move his office to get rid of Bartleby, because he can no longer stand the sight of him he has the movers leave Bartlebys green screen for last. When they finally take it, Bartleby is left the motionless occupant of an empty room, an obvious sign of isolation.nbsp; Even in the vast wilderness, Bartleby is isolated.nbsp; Also, Bartleby is ultimately condemned to the Caverns (a prison), the epitome of isolation. He dies alone, curled up in the fetal position up against a wall of the prison yard, which makes him seem even more alone and isolated than he was in life. nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Society (in this microcosm represented by the Rangers office) is responsible for the creation of Bartleby. Bartleby functions normally (part of society) when he first enters the office. However, when the Ranger asks him to do something which he considers normal activity as far as society (the office) is concerned, Bartleby refuses because of his stands on environmentalism. Really, in the story, Bartleby is nothing more than the embodiment of the refusal to perform these tasks. Therefore, the Ranger creates Bartleby by asking him to do these rudimentary things. nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Society is also largely responsible for Bartlebys demise: Bartleby has his own individualist ideas about what he should be doing (what heShow MoreRelatedBartleby, The Scrivener : A Tale Of Wall Street1032 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Tale of Wall Street†, Herman Melville using the elements of fiction to effectively stresses the importance of communication and how isolation can negatively affect yourself and those around you. The story is about Bartleby, a lonely copyist for a lawyer’s office who decides that he does not feel like working anymore. We all have those days where we just do not feel like working. Your boss walks up to you, asks you to do something, and you think silently in your headRead MoreBartleby, The Scrivener : A Story Of Wall Street1407 Words   |  6 Pagespsychotherapist, Pearls’ quote casts a spot light on social awareness versus self- independence and nonconformity. Similar to the short story â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street†, published in Putnam’s Month ly Magazine in 1853 by Herman Melville. The narrator, is an elderly lawyer with a small time firm who hires a scrivener named Bartleby. In the beginning Bartleby does the work asked of him by the lawyer but as time progresses he stops working completely using the phrase â€Å"I would prefer not to†Read MoreEssay about Bartelby the Scrivener658 Words   |  3 PagesBartelby the Scrivener Herman Melville, an American novelist and major literary figure explored psychological themes in many of his works. 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Eventually the narratorRead MoreBartleby the Scrivener by Herman Melville Essay661 Words   |  3 PagesBartleby the Scrivener by Herman Melville Herman Melville, an American novelist and major literary figure explored psychological themes in many of his works. Herman Melville was born in 1819 in New York City into an established merchant family. The familys fortune had taken a decline that led to bankruptcy and caused insanity to enter into his fathers Life. Through his writing, Melville recreated a part of life that existed then, and is prevalent in our society today. Low selfRead MorePlot, Setting, Point of View, and Tone in Bartleby the Scrivener1393 Words   |  6 Pages In the short story, Bartleby the Scrivener, Herman Melville employs the use of plot, setting, point of view, characterization, and tone to reveal the theme. Different critics have widely varying ideas of what exactly the main theme of Bartleby is, but one theme that is agreed upon by numerous critics is the theme surrounding the lawyer, Bartleby, and humanity. The theme in Bartleby the Scrivener revolves around three main developments: Bartlebys existentialistic point of view, the lawyersRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And Its Impact On Society And The Business World1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe industrial revolution had a significant impact upon society and the business world. This impact is keenly felt throughout Bartleby as Herman Melville tries to illus trate the strong sense of tension and dread that manifests during the industrial revolution. The source of these sensations comes from the growing influence of technology. The industrial revolution hailed a plethora of new technology all centered on business, commerce, and productivity. However, with the increasing efficiency of technologyRead MoreBlackness and Gothic depictions in American Literature1666 Words   |  7 Pagesconvey a message of hope to white residents while, deflating the optimism of the soon to be freed slaves. This essay will prove that a critical reading of Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener,† and Irving’s â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† utilizes representations and depictions of the gothic, the portrayal of black characters and their isolation, and blackness suggests the preoccupations of the American writer. Authors use gothic elements, metaphors and the imagination of narrators to shed light on issuesRead MoreBartleby the Autistic Scrivener Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesshort story â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† is about a lawyer who hires a copyist, named Bartleby, who politely refuses to not work. While most employers would not tolerate an employee who continually prefers to do less work, this lawyer finds it hard to dismiss or discipline his scrivener and allows his insubordination to go on for an extended period of time. Bartleby shows great acquisition at copying documents and works diligently all day and night. The lawyer soon discovers that Bartleby has begun toRead More Democracy in Civil Disobedience, Slavery in Massachusetts, Benito Cereno and Bartleby the Scrivener1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe Oppression of Democracy Exposed in Civil Disobedience, Slavery in Massachusetts, Benito Cereno and Bartleby the Scrivener America has long been recognized as a democratic nation, a nation operating under the will of the people. The forefathers of America fought incessantly against British tyranny to start anew in a land of freedom and opportunity. Because America revived the ancient Greek ideology of democracy, the nation was set apart from the rest of the world and was revered for the

Reasonable Fear of Imminent Danger Good Social Policy Free Essays

string(232) " 2005 was that it was â€Å"necessary to restore absolute rights of law abiding people to protect themselves, their families, and others, and their property from intruders and attackers without fear of prosecution or civil action\." Reasonable Fear of Imminent Danger: Good Social Policy? BY gotten Reasonable Fear of Imminent Danger: Good Social Policy? Giovanni Mike 4324324 LISTENED 1001 sum 13 Professor James Barney A sobering fact Is that our government has a monopoly on the use of force, but It cannot protect everyone at all times In an Immediate fashion. Joel samara, criminal Law, at 1 55 (1 lath De. 2014). We will write a custom essay sample on Reasonable Fear of Imminent Danger: Good Social Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, citizens are permitted to use proportional force in a â€Å"self-help† fashion as long as 1. The necessity is great 2. The need exists â€Å"right now’ 3. The force is used for prevention only. D. At 155. However, preemptive tribes or retaliation are not justifications for force used in self-defense. ‘d, at 155. There are also four elements of self-defense: unprovoked attack, necessity, proportionality, and reasonable belief. ‘d, at 156. The first three were alluded to earlier and are fairly self-explanatory, but reasonable belief will be the primary focus in this discussion. This element requires that a defender must have the â€Å"reasonable† belief that It’s necessary to use deadly force to neutralize an Imminent deadly attack. D, at 156. However, what Is â€Å"reasonable fear? † How does It play out In the courtroom? Is the burden on the person using force against an aggressor to show that he or she possessed â€Å"reas onable fear? † Does this requirement change whether a person is at should be look into whether the person using deadly force had a â€Å"reasonable† opportunity to retreat and avoid violence? Should we offer civil immunity to those who used deadly force legitimately? Overall, are the recently more aggressive self- defense laws good for public policy? Do they allow those with â€Å"itchy’ trigger fingers to have a virtual license to kill, or do they take an extra necessary step to put the safety f law-abiding citizens ahead of the concerns of violent law-breakers? Newer self- defense laws, such as the one passed by Florida, unnecessarily presume â€Å"reasonable fear† in defending one’s home and fail to adequately consider whether a person using deadly force had a duty to retreat (in public spaces) when violence could have been easily avoided. Citizens should reasonably be expected to show that their deadly use of force was Justified due to their legitimate fear for their safety whether they’re at home or in public; they’re burden of proof shouldn’t be beyond a seasonable doubt since the prosecution could probably cast doubt on this with relative ease since it’s based on the subjective measurement of fear. Subtle wording differences in these laws can sway protections to either the aggressor or defender in these situations?it’s critical to strike a healthy balance. So how did we get to the self-defense laws used today? According to Joel Samara, Criminal Law, at 164 (1 lath De. 2014), since the thirteenth century English common law required that a person had to prove that he’d â€Å"retreated to the wall† before being Justified in killing another errors. The US began to reject this practice in the nineteenth century and replaced it with a â€Å"no duty to retreat† requirement, which holds that a person can be Justified in killing someone in self-defense. ‘d, at 164. This new approach to the use of force by the common man was thought to be more accommodating to the bravery of a â€Å"true man. † ‘d, at 164. This â€Å"true man† was thought to be someone who would do whatever he had to do to protect his wife, kids, and the nation. ‘d, at 165. Legislators and judges carved out the â€Å"stand your ground† rule from these previously mention values, which states that if a man didn’t start the fight they could stand their ground and kill in self-defense without having to retreat from a place they had a legal right to be. ‘d, at 165. Also, the retreat rule was also created that obligates a person to retreat if they â€Å"reasonably’ believe that they’re threatened with death or serious harm and they are able to retreat without continuing to be subject to this danger. D, at 165. Furthermore, the â€Å"castle doctrine† was created as an exception to the retreat rule when the context is within someone’s home, where they have no duty to retreat as Eng as they reasonably believe there is an imminent threat of death or serious bodily har m. ‘d, at 165. Since 2005, more than forty states have passed or proposed new â€Å"castle doctrine† legislation intended to expand the right to use deadly force in self-defense. ‘d, at 172. Florida was the first state to pass this type of statute, and it continues to be the model for the rest of the states. D, at 172. Their statute states that a person is presumed to have held a reasonable fear of imminent peril of death or great bodily harm if: (a) The person against whom the defensive force was used as in the process of unlawfully and forcefully entering, or had unlawfully and forcibly entered, a dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle (b) The person who used defensive force knew or had reason to believe that an unlawful and forcible entry or unlawful and forcible act was occurring or had occurred†¦ Old, at 172. Pennsylvania, they have a right to be in (2) they believe that the use of deadly force is immediately necessary to prevent death, serious bodily injury, kidnapping, or rape (3) the aggressor displays or uses a firearm (or replica) or any other deadly weapon. Joshua Light, The Castle Doctrine?The Lobby is my Dwelling, Volvo 22 Widener Law Journal 236 These types of laws do not exist without controversy, since there are those (2012). That claim that they give citizens a virtual â€Å"license to kill. † Supra, at 174. On one side, people like Marion Hammer, president of the National Rifle Association, contend that these new laws are Just protecting a right that has been around since the asses and that we shouldn’t have a duty to retreat only to get chased down and beaten to death. ‘d, at 174. Indeed, Florist’s intent when they passed their castle-doctrine law n 2005 was that it was â€Å"necessary to restore absolute rights of law abiding people to protect themselves, their families, and others, and their property from intruders and attackers without fear of prosecution or civil action. You read "Reasonable Fear of Imminent Danger: Good Social Policy" in category "Papers" Wyatt Holiday, The Answer to Criminal Aggression is Retaliation: Stand-your-Ground Laws and the Liberalizing of Self-Defense, Volvo 43 University of Toledo Law Review 417 (2012). Supporters of the castle doctrine-type laws recognize that there are times when the government’s monopoly on violence must be set aside to allow law-abiding citizens to protect themselves when time is limited. Benjamin Levin, A Defensible Defense? : Reexamining Castle Doctrine Statues Volvo 47 Harvard Journal on Legislation 540 (2010). When an aggressor poses an immediate threat, the defender’s preservation of self should take precedence over the aggressor’s culpability. ‘d, at 539. Others like Jim Brady from The Brady Campaign believe that these laws are â€Å"ushering in a violent new era where civilians have more freedom to use deadly force than even the police. † Samara, Criminal Law, at 174 (2014). They also claim that these laws allow those who have an â€Å"itchy trigger finger† to simply claim that they were in fear and therefore justified in using deadly force. ‘d, at 174. To make things even more complex, states have their own versions of the law that are still in flux and fairly open to interpretation by courts?it is not always straightforward when someone is legally entitled to use deadly force to protect themselves. Levin, A Defensible Defense 534-536 (2010). What does â€Å"reasonable fear† even mean? Unfortunately, this is not easy to answer. Ohio’s depiction of reasonable fear is somewhat helpful: the actor using deadly force must have a bona fide belief that he/she was in imminent danger f death or great bodily harm and the only means of escape was to use deadly force in retaliation. Wyatt Holiday, The Answer to Criminal Aggression is Retaliation: Stand- Your-Ground Laws and the Liberalizing of Self-Defense, Volvo 43 University of Toledo Law Review 425 (2012). The â€Å"honest† and â€Å"reasonable† requirements make it seem like a hybrid objective/sub]active requirement, but it’s still a subjective standard as highlighted by the Ohio Supreme Court. ‘d, at 424. This court’s instructions on this standard recommended that to determine whether a defendant had reasonable fear of imminent danger: †¦ U must put yourself in the position of the Defendant, with her characteristics, knowledge, or lack of knowledge, and under the same circumstances and conditions that surrounded the Defendant at the time. You must consider the conduct of [the victim] and determine if such acts and words caused the Defendant to reasonably and honestly believe that she was about to be killed or â€Å"reasonable fear† is so subjective, because of t he wide range of situations people find themselves in; it doesn’t seem feasible to create an objective test that measures such a subjective and virtually immeasurable emotion such as fear. Keep in mind how the law mentions that the only means of escape is the use of deadly force. Even though â€Å"reasonable fear† is such a subjective concept, it still has an impact in the courtroom compared to how self-defense laws used to be written. Before Stand- Your-Ground laws came about, defendants had the burden to show that their life and limb was actually in danger. Light at 234 (2012). Now, in certain Jurisdictions, citizens have to only prove that they had a â€Å"reasonable fear† that their life and limb were at jeopardy, and that they believed that deadly force was immediately necessary to peel this threat. D, at 234. This amounts to a smaller burden of proof on the defendant, which is more challenging for the prosecution because disproving facts is a lot easier than disproving perceptions. ‘d, at 234. Is this a fair balance? The â€Å"reasonable fear† requirement is fair since it allows the state to make an inquiry into whether deadly force was used in a legitimate fashion without putting an excessive burden on citizens to Justify their use of force that can be easily defeated by prosecuting attorneys. What about the â€Å"duty to retreat? Should it still play a part n today’s laws? Eric Del Bozo, Retreat Does Not Equal Surrender: Defensive Deadly Force in Dwellings After People v. Keen, Volvo 82 SST. John’s Law Review 360-381 (2008) points out that the duty to retreat should still play a part in these self-defense laws, especially when retreat is a safe and reasonable option that could save a lot of violence. He concedes, however, that â€Å"one need not calmly evaluate exit strategies when faced with a pressing danger, for detached reflection cannot be demanded in the presence of an uplifted knife. ‘d, at 364. Also, it isn’t reasonable to focus in midnight at whether the defendant could have safely retreated, which is a reason why â€Å"reasonable fear† is appropriate in order to focu s on what the person knew at the time. ‘d, at 364. The way retreat is treated as an option and the thoughts of the person using force varies among states and even Jurisdictions within those states; some deemphasize the need to retreat while others focus more on the Justification of force and options for retreat. ‘d, at 363-364. In 2006 alone though, between 10 and 15 states repealed their laws that required persons to consider retreat before using defensive deadly force. D, at 377. This might not bode well in a case where a person shoots his neighbor over an argument over trash bins; Del Bozo suggests that stories making headlines tend to be neighbors and acquaintances freely assaulting each other rather than repelling home invasions. ‘d, at 377. However, he doesn’t offer any statistics or empirical evidence that there is a trend in unjustifiable killings due to these laws. Nonetheless, the duty to retreat still has merit to allow the whole situation to be analyzed in court, and hold people accountable who may engage in â€Å"senseless† killings. ‘d, at 378. The prosecution should be able to show that retreat was indeed a viable option out of a respect for human life; there must be a balance between protecting the safety of both the assailant and the victim, but retreat should be looked at with the burden being on the non-aggressor. ‘d, at 380. There are five different concerns that law enforcement authorities have concerning these new and more aggressive self-defense laws. One unintended consequence could be police officers since citizens Just have to claim that they have â€Å"reasonable fear† in order to use deadly force. ‘d, at 175. On the other hand, Florist’s statute contains a revision which holds that citizens are not Justified in using deadly force against law enforcement officers as long as they are acting in an official capacity, have identified themselves as a police officer, or the person using force should have â€Å"reasonably’ known it was a law enforcement officer. D, at 173. Indiana struggled with this unintended consequence, but actually ended up ruling that citizens cannot reasonably use deadly force against law enforcement officers. Jon Laramie, Indiana Constitutional Development: Debtors, Placements, and the Castle Doctrine, Volvo. 45 Indiana Law Review, 1049-1051 (2012). In Barnes v. Tate, 946 N. E. Ad 572 (2011), the Indiana Supreme Court stated that â€Å"public policy disavows recognizing a common l aw right to forcibly resist unlawful police entry into one’s home. ‘d, at 1050. They also recognized that it isn’t easy for citizens to recognize when a given police entry is lawful or not, that injury is high due to upgrades in police equipment, and citizens have other remedies for unlawful entries (civil litigation, police disciplinary hearings, exclusionary rule, etc. ) ‘d, at 1050. The court did concede that a person has the right to â€Å"reasonably resist† an unlawful entry, but this doesn’t amount to a defense of eatery or other violent acts against law enforcement. D, at 1051. The court also claimed that most other states have followed suite in this decision in the interest of law enforcement safety. ‘d, at 1050. Another concern is that the interpretation of these castle-type laws is in its infancy. Some believe that law enforcement training will constantly have to adapt to changing views on these laws, and that it will be almost impossible for police officers to determine whether these new laws are being invoked [applied properly. Supra, at 176. The next concern is that instead of Just avian to determine whether danger was imminent or there was a duty to retreat in a public place, police officers will now have to anticipate more â€Å"self-defense† claims. ‘d, at 176. This will increase the investigative burdens on officers, and proving a negative is difficult when the evidence is â€Å"in the hands of the defendant. † ‘d, at 176. This concern is exacerbated by the fact that law enforcement agencies are often understaffed and are already overworked. ‘d, at 176. Furthermore, police authorities are worried that these new laws will lead to a sort of apathy and degradation of vigilance among officers. D, at 176. They may get used to seeing â€Å"self- defense† claims and may dig deep enough into every claim as these new castle-type laws call for, especially if both parties have criminal records. ‘d, at 176. The last concern of law enforcement on castle-type laws are that citizens (a) will not be adequately aware of their right to use force in self-defense and (b) will be considered a deterrence by criminals who may now view them as more able to defend themselves. D, at 176. Overall, people might feel safer because they are given more latitude to protect themselves, but they may not since they might be worried about there with â€Å"itchy trigger fingers. † ‘d, at 177. Also, there is a lack of empirical evidence that shows that the positive impacts outweigh the positive negative impacts. ‘d, at 177. However, the i ronic part is that we will not know if these types of laws will â€Å"work† unless we employ them uniformly on a generalize sample size (many states/ jurisdictions) and then evaluate them over time using sound research methods. Ensure that citizens are able to defend themselves when they legitimately need to. Nobody said it would come without any consequences at all. A legal issue with hose castle doctrine-type laws according to Elizabeth Mega, Deadly Combinations: How Self-Defense Laws Pairing Immunity with a Presumption of Fear Allows Criminals to â€Å"Get Away with Murder,† Volvo 34 American Journal of Trial Advocacy 105-134 (2010), is that reasonable fear and immunity can combine to create a virtual bar on prosecution for self-defense cases involving an individual’s â€Å"castle. The state of Florida provides both a presumptive reasonable fear clause and an immunity clause; reasonable fear by itself can be rebutted by the prosecution at a later time, but i mmunity won’t ever allow that to happen. D, at 108. Mega contends that such an â€Å"irrefutable conclusion† is unconstitutional and puts law enforcement in an awkward position to determine immunity. ‘d, at 108. Also, once immunity is granted it cannot be withdrawn and someone who was entitled to immunity cannot fight for it later on. ‘d, at 109. However, if someone is outside of their home they have to prove the reasonableness of their use of force before being qualified for immunity?this is presumed in cases involving the home and motor vehicles though. ‘d, at 113.. Furthermore, at least in situations located at the defender’s home, Florist’s law sakes it impossible to make the determination that the defender’s use of force was unlawful. ‘d, at 118. The law contains a provision that states that reasonable fear can be â€Å"presumed† when a person uses deadly force in the protection of their home?the police cannot make a probable cause determination. D, at 119. Florist’s law puts law enforcement in a situation where they have to make determinations on the spot that prosecutors would normally make: they have to make determinations of immunity and attempt to disprove a presumption rather than establish a case. ‘d, at 120. Law enforcement normally investigate â€Å"unlawfulà ¢â‚¬  acts, but Florist’s law tells officers to presume that acts of violence within the home are â€Å"lawful. † ‘d, at 121 . As for how to fix these statutory issues, Mega contends that they are beyond fixing with Just guidelines and require rewording. Police could become so dependent on the guidelines that they may fail to see the big picture, defendants could end up in Jail trying to assert immunity, law enforcement may not understand the guidelines, and law enforcement have to engage in prosecutorial duties that they were not trained to do. D, at 130. Although â€Å"immunity’ certain presents more problems, what about â€Å"reasonable fear† itself? Mega claims that the previous duty to retreat laws still allowed someone to use force, but only when there is no safe method of retreat. ‘d, at 115. In this way, common law held the respect for life on a higher level than the right to possess and use a gun. ‘d, at 115. However, with the new castle-type laws individuals can now react violently with little incentive to try and diffuse the situation by safely retreating. ‘d, at 115. The duty to retreat makes someone think twice about sing force instead of harming someone before considering whether an actual threat exists. ‘d, at 116. With these new Stand Your Ground and castle-type laws, individuals are authorized to act violently in the face of a â€Å"perceived† threat, which is very subjective and open to interpretation. D, at 129. In Florida, however, the law allows the state to prosecute individuals when probable cause is established that the force used was unlawful, at least outside of one’s home. ‘d, at 130. This type of provision who use deadly force in a senseless or reckless manner without giving reasonable Hough into whether they†™re really facing impending danger. As mentioned earlier though, in the heat of the moment people’s perceptions and their ability amount to think clearly in these intense situations will vary. How does â€Å"reasonable fear† play out in the context of a Jury trial? Stay Lee Burns, Demonstrating â€Å"Reasonable Fear† at Trial: Is it Science or Junk Science? Department of Sociology, Loyola Martyrdom University, Los Angles, CA 107-131 (2008) examined one murder trial in depth that involved reasonable fear. In this case, the Maddened brothers were charged and invoiced of first degree murder for shot-gunning their parents in their own home in August 1989. ‘d, at 109. During the trial, they confessed to parricide but claimed they held reasonable fear because of their prior sexual abuse by their father and acted in self-defense Justification defense). D, at 110. The Jury deadlocked at the first trial, which indicates the ambiguousness that reasonable fear can have at trial. ‘d, at 129. The defense proposed expert testimony that would show that the abuse the defendants underwent altered their mental state at the time of the killings because heir susceptibility to fear and perception of imminent danger were heightened. ‘d, at 1 12. U Timely, the Judge did not allow expert testimony pertaining to what happened in the Maddened brothers’ situation, but could attempt to generalize prior research on fear perception. Although there has been research on the limbic system, the part of the brain that processes fear, for the lastly years the results are far from conclusive and there is no test available that can show what the Maddened brothers’ fear levels were at the time of the killing or whether their susceptibility had indeed been heightened because of trauma. ‘d, at 118- 127. Social science is only able to provide statistics and the likelihood that the Maddened brothers would act a certain way in a given situation. ‘d, at 122. There is a blood test available that can give insight into what a person’s level of fear is, but the sample would have to be taken right at the moment of the crime (not feasible). ‘d, at 124. This case illustrates the tension between social science and the Judicial system that requires facts to relate to the particular case at hand. ‘d, at 128. It came down to what the Jury felt was â€Å"reasonable fear,† and how much they thought the expert testimony applied to the Maddened ease?it’s no surprise that the Jury ended up deadlocked. D, at 128-129. In conclusion, the â€Å"reasonable fear† requirement is fair since it allows the state to make an inquiry into whether deadly force was used in a legitimate fashion without putting an excessive burden on citizens and giving too much of an advantage to prosecuting attorneys. Although â€Å"duty to retreat† shouldn’t be strictly imposed or evaluated in hindsight, it is still applicable in situations where violence could have been easily avoided by practically walking away. While there are legitimate concerns such as Alice safety in no-knock searches with these more aggressive self-defense laws, the sad fact remains that little empirical evidence is out to date that shows any negative or positive trends associated with these laws. In addition, these laws and their interpretation are still in their infancy and are written differently among the states and their Jurisdictions. A legal issue that may not be empirically measurable, however, is how reasonable fear can be paired with immunity to create a bar on prosecution of those defending their home perhaps too readily. These people should burden of proof that can easily be discredited. Additionally, this presumption would leave police officers with the difficult task of making determinations on the spot that would normally be left to prosecuting attorneys. As for immunity, citizens should be granted immunity from civil litigation if their use of deadly force was Justified; they shouldn’t have to be mired with legal action from the aggressor after they’ve already been in court. The Maddened case illustrates the limitations of science to prove reasonable fear in a court setting, and can only offer potential generalizations and statistics. Bottom line, â€Å"reasonable fear† ends up getting determined by Juries, which ay not be that easy or uniform. Overall, the new and more aggressive self-defense laws are good for public policy with the exception of the presumption of reasonable fear in situations involving defending one’s home. These laws necessarily give citizens more latitude in defending themselves without an undue burden of having to sit there and think about whether they should retreat or fear of future civil litigation. However, those who are inclined to resort to violence in the face of any perceived threat need to justify their actions in order to prevent senseless killings. They should only have to how that they had reasonable fear without a heavy burden of proof that prosecutors can easily defeat, which could be the beyond a reasonable doubt standard. An understandable concern is that these new laws will put a further burden on an already stressed and backlogged criminal Justice system, but we cannot put police officers in a position to try to make these determinations on the spot. We also cannot allow potential senseless killings to go unchallenged. Omitting the presumption clause and putting a little more emphasis on retreat options can better balance the defender’s right of safety and the aggressor’s culpability. How to cite Reasonable Fear of Imminent Danger: Good Social Policy, Papers

Career Development George Brown

Questions: 1. Access GB Careers through the GB website. Write a summary of 2 items that you found very helpful for you on the site to support your career planning and could help you develop your career plan.2.Access Career Coach. Go to the GB site and do a search for 'Career Coach'. Write a summary of 2 items that you find helpful for you on the site to support your career planning.3.For question #1 and question#2 above respond to at least 2 colleagues thoughts on GB Careers and Career Coach( you will have at a minimum 2 replies). Think about what they have talked about and comment if that information is useful for you or maybe you have a question ...., for your colleague.Both sites talk about resumes. You have to start thinking about your resume and developing one. There are various templates online. Please look at them and try to fiqure out which one is best for you. If you already have a resume, how can you improve it?4. On Blackboard answer the following question: if you have a resume, how can you improve it?----if you don't have a resume what style of resume would represent your background well?Take a look at the resumes that the different resources at George Brown offer you and other sites we have looked at so far in class. How about TalentEgg and Career Joy. Answers: 1. (GB) career is an online job discovery website, with various employment programs to help students and jobseekers. The website has various platforms to help the jobseekers find the best job option for themselves (George Brown College, 2017). One of the best features of this website is the peer employment program that offers various job profiles with flexible schedule for the convenience of full time students (George Brown College, 2017). The program is designed to help the students develop skills, professional competency and build resilience for the hardships and challenges of the corporate world. The on-site job options provide the students a broad window of working up to 15 hours a week. It provides the students with ample opportunities to concentrate on their coursework along with earning a substantial amount to support themselves (George Brown College, 2017). Another attribute of the website is the optimal resume option provided by the website that helps the students and jobseekers construct striking resumes that catch the attention of employers easily (George Brown College, 2017). The optimal resume interface offers expert advice, optimal resume templates, and even interview tutorials. 2. George Brown College launched a research tool named career coach on January 5, 2015, that enables the students to access the up-to-date labor market information (CareerCoach, 2017). Such one-stop database research tools are extremely beneficial for the students to find the current trends in the job market and develop skills in accordance with them. Another important feature of this interface is that it gives the jobseekers the option to do a systematic search on your chosen career option (CareerCoach, 2017). In details, it enables the students to search for vacancies for on-campus jobs in their chosen career and then provides them the opportunity to find out the possible professional options that the program can lead to according to the industry trends (CareerCoach, 2017). I feel that it is a commendable initiative from the website that not only lets student find jobs in their career preference on campus but also determines what the future possibilities in our chosen field are. 3. Both the websites catch the attention of the job-seeking students positively, when approached two of my colleagues, both gave me quite similar reactions ("George Brown College", 2017). According to both of them, the career coach is the best option, impressed by the innovative features. In the current scenario, where every occupational sector is saturated, it is vital to have a clear perception about the possibilities of growth in the chosen career field. This specialized program will let us decide if our chosen field has the scope for us to attain the financial stability of our perception, and gives us an insight to determine if we want to take risks in worst-case scenarios, or if we want to switch ships. 4. GB careers and Career Coach, both the websites deals with career development advices, while GB career has a generic response, Career Coach has a very specific approach, and hence, undoubtedly it is the best option to search for jobs (CareerCoach, 2017). However, the next big step, post the selection of right career option, is constructing a resume. George Brown website offers various templates in its optimal resume interface. First option is to start the resume construction from the scratch, section by section, meticulously. Second option is to browse different resume samples, select one as per convenience and directly input the information into the template. I find that the second option is easier and more time saving and creates a professional and customized resume with advanced styles and formats. Apart from these two websites, two other websites deserve to share the spotlight in effective career development. One of them is the TalentEgg, which provides a customized resource interface called go to incubator that has different resources to develop a resume (TalentEgg, 2017). Another is CareerJoy, a Canadian website that provides resume coaches that offer complementary resume reviews and affordable packages (Careerjoy, 2017). Reference List: CareerCoach - For High-Achieving Professionals | Executive Coaching. Career Development Coaching. MBA Coaching. Assessments. We have an insider's perspective.. (2017). Careercoach.com. Retrieved 4 February 2017, from https://www.careercoach.com Careerjoy | Canada's Career Counseling | Career Counselor | Career Change | Career Advice | Career Test | Career Coach | Resume Writing | Career Expert | Career Change | Interview | Job search. (2017). Careerjoy.com. Retrieved 4 February 2017, from https://www.careerjoy.com George Brown College. (2017). Georgebrown.ca. Retrieved 4 February 2017, from https://www.georgebrown.ca TalentEgg.ca - Find Entry Level, Student Jobs, Internships, Summer Jobs. (2017). TalentEgg. Retrieved 4 February 2017, from https://www.talentegg.ca